| achieved status |
a status attained by effort |
| ascribed status |
a status determined at birth |
| collective consciousness
|
the body of beliefs that are common to a
community or society and that give people a sense of belonging |
| cyberspace interaction
|
an interaction between people through the medium
of computer networks |
| division of labor |
the systematic interrelation of different tasks
that develops in complex societies |
| ethnomethodology |
a technique for studying human interaction by
deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals
attempt to restore normalcy |
| gesellschaft |
German for society, a form of social
organization characterized by a high division of labor, less
prominence of personal ties, the lack of a sense of community among
the members, and the absence of a feeling of belonging; associated
with urban life |
| group |
a collection of individuals who interact and
communicate, share goals and norms, and who have a subjective
awareness as “we” |
| impression management
|
a process by which people control how others
perceive them |
| institution |
see social institution |
| interaction |
see social interaction |
| kinesic communication
|
communication by means of body motion; body
language |
| macroanalysis |
analysis of large processes and structures, such
as institutions |
| master status |
some characteristic of a person that overrides
all other features of the person’s identity |
| microanalysis |
analysis of processes and structures of social
interaction, such as types of interactions or groups |
| organic (contractual)
solidarity |
unity based on role differentiation, not
similarity |
| paralinguistic
communication |
communication that is conveyed by voice pitch,
loudness, rhythm, emphasis, frequency, and other such nonverbal
elements |
| postindustrial society
|
society organized around the provision of
services |
| pre-industrial society
|
one that directly uses the land as a major means
of survival |
| proxemic communication
|
meaning conveyed by the amount of space
maintained between interacting individuals |
| role |
the expected behavior associated with a given
status in society |
| role conflict |
two or more roles associated with contradictory
expectations |
| role model |
a person we admire and whose behavior we imitate
|
| role set |
all the roles occupied by a person at a given
time |
| role strain |
conflicting expectations within the same role
|
| social institution |
an established and organized system of social
behavior with a recognized purpose |
| social interaction |
behavior between two or more people that is given
meaning |
| social organization |
the order established in social groups |
| social structure |
the patterns of social relationships and social
institutions that comprise society |
| society |
a system of social interactions that includes
both culture and social organization |
| status |
an established position in a social structure
that carries with it a degree of prestige |
| status inconsistency
|
exists when the different statuses occupied by
the individual bring with them significantly different amounts of
prestige |
| status set |
the complete set of statuses occupied by a person
at a given time |