| adult socialization
|
the process of learning new roles and
expectations in adult life |
| anticipatory
socialization |
the process of learning the expectations
associated with a role one expects to enter in the future |
| ego |
the part of the self representing reason and
common sense |
| game stage |
the stage in childhood when children become
capable of taking a multitude of roles at the same time |
| generalized other |
the abstract composite of social roles and
social expectations |
| id |
the part of the personality that includes
various impulses and drives, including sexual passions and desires,
biological urges, and human instincts |
| identity |
how one defines oneself |
| imitation stage |
the stage in childhood when children copy the
behavior of those around them |
| life course perspective
|
sociological framework for studying aging that
connects people’s personal attributes, the roles they occupy, the
life events they experience, and their sociohistorical context |
| looking-glass self |
the idea that people’s conception of self arises
through reflection about their relationship to others |
| object relations theory
|
a psychoanalytic theory of socialization arguing
that social relationships children experience early in life
determine the development of their personality |
| peers |
those of similar status |
| personality |
the relatively consistent pattern of behavior,
feelings, and beliefs in a given person |
| play stage |
the stage in childhood when children begin to
take on the roles of significant people in their environment |
| psychoanalytic theory
|
a theory of socialization positing that the
unconscious mind shapes human behavior |
| resocialization |
the process by which existing social roles are
radically altered or replaced |
| rite of passage |
ceremony or ritual that symbolizes the passage
of an individual from one role to another |
| role |
the expected behavior associated with a given
status in society |
| self |
our concept of who we are, as formed in
relationship to others |
| self-esteem |
the value a person places on his or her identity
|
| significant others |
those with whom we have a close affiliation |
| social identity
complexity |
a term referring to how a person subjectively
interprets the interrelationships among multiple group identities
|
| social learning theory
|
a theory of socialization positing that the
formation of identity is a learned response to social stimuli |
| socialization |
the process through which people learn the
expectations of society |
| socialization agents
|
those who pass on social expectations |
| superego |
the dimension of the self representing the
standards of society |
| taking the role of the
other |
the process of imagining oneself from the point
of view of another |