Read: Chapter 22: Global Change & Global Perspective

Attend: Global Change & Global Perspective

Glossary: 3.ppt">Global Change & theory that predicts that societies over time follow a single path from simple and structurally undifferentiated to more complex and structurally differentiated

core countries; core nations	within world systems theory, those nations that are more technologically advanced
cultural diffusion	the transmission of cultural elements from one society or culture to another
cyclical theory (of social change)	from Arnold Toynbee, the theory that certain patterns of social structure and culture recur at different times in the same society
dependency theory	the global theory that maintains that industrialized nations hold less industrialized nations in a dependency, thus exploitative, relationship that benefits the industrialized nations at the expense of the less industrialized ones, whose upward mobility in the global economy is prevented
evolutionary social theory	a theory of social change that predicts that societies change in a single direction over time
gemeinschaft	German for community, a state characterized by a sense of fellow feeling among the members of a society, including strong personal ties, sturdy primary group memberships, and a sense of personal loyalty to one another; associated with rural life
gesellschaft	German for society, a form of social organization characterized by a high division of labor, less prominence of personal ties, the lack of a sense of community among the members, and the absence of a feeling of belonging; associated with urban life
globalization	increased economic, political, and social interconnectedness and interdependence among societies in the world
inner-directedness	a condition wherein the individual’s behavior is guided by internal principles and morals
macrochange	a social change that is relatively gradual and that broadly affects many aspects of a society
microchange	a subtle alteration in the day-to-day interaction between people
modernization	a process of social change initiated by industrialization and followed by increased social differentiation and division of labor
modernization theory	a view of globalization in which global development is a worldwide process affecting nearly all societies that have been touched by technological change
multidimensional evolutionary theory (of social change)	a theory predicting that over time societies follow not one but several evolutionary paths
neoevolutionary theory	see multidimensional evolutionary theory
noncore (peripheral) nations	within world systems theory, those nations that are less technologically advanced
other-directedness	a condition wherein the individual’s behavior is guided by the behavior of others
revolution	the overthrow of a state or the total transformation of central state institutions
social change	the alteration of social interaction, social institutions, stratification systems, and elements of culture over time
tradition-directedness	conformity to longstanding and time-honored norms and practices
unidimensional evolutionary theory	a ">a condition wherein the individual’s behavior is guided by internal principles and morals
macrochange	a social change that is relatively gradual and that broadly affects many aspects of a society
microchange	a subtle alteration in the day-to-day interaction between people
modernization	a process of social change initiated by industrialization and followed by increased social differentiation and division of labor
modernization theory	a view of globalization in which global development is a worldwide process affecting nearly all societies that have been touched by technological change
multidimensional evolutionary theory (of social change)	a theory predicting that over time societies follow not one but several evolutionary paths
world systems theory	theory that capitalism is a single world economy and a worldwide system of unequal political and economic relationships that benefits the developed and technologically advanced countries at the expense of other countries