Read: Chapter 22: Collective Behavior & Social Movements

Attend: Collective Behavior & Social Movements

Glossary:

collective behavior	behavior that occurs when the usual conventions are suspended and people collectively establish new norms of behavior in response to an emerging situation
collective preoccupations	forms of collective behavior wherein many people over a relatively broad social spectrum engage in similar behavior and have a shared definition of their behavior as needed to bring social change or to identify their place in the society
competition theory	an explanation of riots as resulting from conflicts between different groups who compete for limited resources
contagion theory	the idea (from Gustave LeBon) that people in crowds are highly suggestible and that the crowd takes on a single way of acting and thinking
convergence theory	a theory of rioting that focuses on the participants and presupposes that rioters are acting on predispositions and attitudes
craze	form of collective behavior with very intense involvement for participants
emergent norm theory	theory of collective behavior postulating that, when people are faced with an unusual situation, they create meanings that define and direct the situation
expressive crowds	crowds whose primary function is the release or expression of emotion
fad	form of collective behavior that involves a novel, though usually shortlived, change
fashion	form of collective behavior wherein something novel is introduced into society
frame	schemes of interpretation that allow people in groups to perceive, identify, and label events within their lives that can become the basis for collective action
hysterical contagion	collective phenomenon wherein symptoms of an illness spread among a group, even though there is no physiological disease present
mobilization	the process by which social movements and their leaders secure people and resources for the movement
new social movement theory	a theory about social movements linking culture, ideology, and identity conceptually to explain how new identities are forged within social movements
personal transformation movements	social movements that aim to change the individual
political process theory	explanation of social movements positing that movements achieve success by exploiting a combination of internal factors
radical movements	social movements that seek fundamental change in the structure of society
reactionary movements	social movements organized to resist change or to reinstate an earlier social order that participants perceive to be better
reform movements	social movements that seek change through legal or other mainstream political means, by working within existing institutions
resource mobilization theory	theory of how social movements develop that focuses on how movements gain momentum by successfully garnering organizational resources
scapegoating	process whereby a group collectively identifies another group as a threat to the perceived social order and incorrectly blames the other group for problems they have not caused
social change movements	movements that aim to change some aspect of society
social movement	a group that acts with some continuity and organization to promote or resist change in society
transnational social movement	a social movement whose organization crosses national boundaries