| adult socialization |
the process of learning new roles and
expectations in adult life |
| affirmative action |
programs in education and job hiring that recruit
minorities over a wide range but do not use rigid quotas, or those
that use admissions slots (quotas) for minorities in education and
set aside contracts in the economy |
| automation |
the process by which human labor is replaced by
machines |
| capitalism |
an economic system based on the pursuit of profit
and the sanctity of private property |
| communism |
an economic system in which the state is the sole
owner of the systems of production |
| contingent workers |
those who do not hold regular jobs but whose
td valign="top">
This chapter focuses on a sociological
understanding of economy and work, examining economic systems, economic
restructuring, the contemporary workforce and labor market, diversity
within the labor market, and factors affecting worker satisfaction and
safety. |
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Read: Chapter
18 Economy & Work Attend:
Economy & Work
Glossary:
employment is dependent on demand, including those who contract
independently with employers, temporary workers, on-call workers,
the self-employed, part-time workers, and day laborers |
| deindustrialization |
the transition from a predominantly
goods-producing economy to one based on the provision of services
|
| division of labor |
the systematic interrelation of different tasks
that develops in complex societies |
| dual labor market theory
|
the idea that women and men have different
earnings because they tend to work in different segments of the
labor market |
| economic restructuring
|
contemporary transformations in the basic
structure of work that are permanently altering the workplace,
including the changing composition of the workplace,
deindustrialization, the use of enhanced technology, and the
development of a global economy |
| economy |
the system on which the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services is based |
| emotional labor |
work that is intended to produce a desired
emotional effect on a client |
| global economy |
term used to refer to the fact that all
dimensions of the economy now cross national borders |
| job displacement |
the permanent loss of certain job types that
occurs when employment patterns shift |
| mismatch theory |
argument that a group’s disadvantage in the labor
market results from the combination of residential segregation in
center cities and the movement of jobs to suburban areas |
| multinational
corporation |
companies that draw a large share of their
revenues from foreign investments and that conduct business across
national borders |
| occupational
distribution |
the pattern by which workers are located in the
occupational system |
| occupational prestige
|
the subjective evaluation people give to jobs as
better or worse than others |
| occupational segregation
|
the pattern by which workers are separated into
different occupations on the basis of social characteristics such as
race and gender |
| postindustrial society
|
society organized around the provision of
services |
| sexual harassment |
unwanted physical or verbal sexual behavior that
occurs in the context of a relationship of unequal power and that is
experienced as a threat to the victim’s job or educational
activities |
| socialism |
an economic institution characterized by state
ownership and management of the basic industries |
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| the system on which the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services is based |
| emotional labor |
work that is intended to produce a desired
emotional effect on a client |
| global economy |
term used to refer to the fact that all
dimensions of the economy now cross national borders |
| job displacement |
the permanent loss of certain job types that
occurs when employment patterns shift |
| mismatch theory |
argument that a group’s disadvantage in the labor
market results from the combination of residential segregation in
center cities and the movement of jobs to suburban areas |
| multinational
corporation |
companies that draw a large share of their
revenues from foreign investments and that conduct business across
national borders |
| structural unemployment
|
loss of work that occurs because of changes at
the societal level |
| underemployment |
a term used to describe being employed at a level
below what would be expected, given a person’s level of training or
education |
| unemployment rate |
the percentage of those not working but
officially defined as looking for work |