Read: Chapter 10: Global Stratification

Attend: Global Stratification

Glossary:

absolute poverty	the situation in which people do not have enough resources for basic survival
colonialism	system by which western nations became wealthy by taking raw materials from colonized societies and reaping profits from products finished in the homeland
commodity chain	the network of production and labor processes by which a product becomes a finished commodity; by following the commodity chain, it is evident which countries gain profits and which ones are being exploited
core countries; core nations	within world systems theory, those nations that are more technologically advanced
dependency theory	the global theory that maintains that industrialized nations hold less industrialized nations in a dependency, thus exploitative, relationship that benefits the industrialized nations at the expense of the less industrialized ones, whose upward mobility in the global economy is prevented
double deprivation	the situation in poor countries where women suffer because they are in poverty and because they are women
extreme poverty	the situation in which people live on less than per year $275 U.S.
first-world countries	industrialized nations based on a market economy and with democratically elected governments
gender development index	a calculation based on gender inequalities in life expectancy, educational attainment, and income for different countries
global stratification	the systematic inequalities between and among different groups within nations that result from the differences in wealth, power, and prestige of different societies relative to their position in the international economy
gross national income	the total output of goods and services produced by residents of a country each year plus the income from nonresident sources, divided by the size of the population
human poverty index	a multidimensional measure of poverty, meant to indicate the degree of deprivation in four basic dimensions of human life: a long and healthy life, knowledge, economic well-being, and social inclusion
international division of labor	system of labor whereby products are produced globally, while profits accrue only to a few
modernization theory	a view of globalization in which global development is a worldwide process affecting nearly all societies that have been touched by technological change
multinational corporation	companies that draw a large share of their revenues from foreign investments and that conduct business across national borders
newly industrializing countries (NICs)	countries that have shown rapid growth and have emerged as developed countries
peripheral countries	poor countries, largely agricultural, having little power or influence in the world system
power	a person or group’s ability to exercise influence and control over others
relative poverty	a definition of poverty that is set in comparison with an established standard
second-world countries	socialist countries with state-managed economies and typically without a democratically elected government
semiperipheral countries	semi-industrialized countries that represent a kind of middle class within the world system
sweatshop	a workplace where an employer violates more than one law regarding federal or state labor, industrial homework, occupational safety and health, workers’ compensation, or industry regulation
terrorism	premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by persons or groups who use their action to try to achieve their political ends
third-world countries	countries that are poor, underdeveloped, largely rural, and with high levels of poverty; typically governments in such countries are autocratic dictatorships and wealth is concentrated in the hands of a small elite
world cities	cities closely linked through the system of international commerce
world systems theory	theory that capitalism is a single world economy and a worldwide system of unequal political and economic relationships that benefits the developed and technologically advanced countries at the expense of other countries