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In
an attempt to promote greater understanding of classical macro-social theory,
particularly its implications for social criticism and prediction, I have
created an Internet Web Site on eight classical social theorists. I have
included bibliographies, PowerPoint lectures, links to primary sources, and
other worthwhile Internet materials. I
developed these web sites as aides for myself and my students to further our
studies of these theorists. They were developed because they offer incisive
commentary on the contemporary world order and seeming chaos.
| Alfred
North Whitehead said that "a science which hesitates to forget
its founders is lost." In this respect the teaching of social
theory, particularly macro social theory, is too often focused
on the founders. Undergraduate texts give ample discussion of
the canonical works of Marx, Weber and Durkheim but little when
it comes to the theories of contemporary practitioners. My book,
Macrosociology: Four Modern Theorists (Paradigm, 2006)
seeks to remedy this with a focus on the work of four modern
theorists who have taken on the larger themes of classical
social theory. C. Wright Mills, Marvin Harris,
Immanuel Wallerstein, and Gerhard Lenski have
examined such phenomena and processes as the rise and impact of
capitalism, the centralization and enlargement of authority,
inequality, and the intensification of production and
population. Borrowing what is useful from the classics as well
as relying on contemporary practitioners and empirical evidence,
each theorist adds his own insights and interpretations in
constructing a comprehensive perspective of sociocultural
stability and change. This book fully summarizes and documents
each perspective using language and examples that resonate with
the general reader. A short biography on each theorist is also
provided.
I am currently working on
Sociocultural Systems: Contemporary Expression of Classical
Theory for the Edwin Mellen Press. This book
is intended to introduce students
to the classical social theory of T. Robert Malthus,
Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber as
well as the modern expressions of these perspectives. It does
this through two mechanisms. First, it provides an overview and
critique of four major classical traditions in sociology. Rather
than discussing these theories as history, the book will focus
upon elements of the perspectives that have proved useful in
understanding sociocultural systems. Then, the book will provide
an overview and critique of the perspective and analysis of two
contemporary social scientists writing within each of these
traditions. As modern representatives of Malthusian
theory, the book will examine the theories of Gerhard Lenski
and Stephen K. Sanderson. For contemporary followers of
Marx the theories of Harry Braverman and John Bellamy
Foster will be examined. Representing the Durkheimian
worldview will be Stjepan Mestrovic, Robert K. Merton,
and Neil Postman. Finally, modern day Weberians are
represented by Norbert Elias and George Ritzer.
The overarching goal of the book is to provide students with an
in-depth understanding of each of the classical sociological
traditions and their usefulness in understanding contemporary
societies. Through study of contemporary social scientists such
as Lenski, Braverman, Mestrovic, and Elias students will truly
come to appreciate the breadth and depth of classical social
theory as well as its usefulness in understanding contemporary
and historical sociocultural systems. The book's concluding
chapter demonstrates how the various perspectives detailed in
the book are compatible with a comprehensive sociological
worldview.
The exclusive emphasis upon macro social theory is important
because it is central to the social science disciplines but
often given only cursory and incomplete treatment in modern
texts. Macro social theory—a comprehensive world view of
sociocultural system stability and change—provides structure and
guidance in understanding world events. The promise of such
understanding is the primary draw for many students of the
social sciences. Unfortunately, classical theorists are often
treated as historical artifacts rather than useful guides in
understanding sociocultural systems; nor are modern macro
theorists given significant textbook treatment. This website and
its companion (In
the Classical Tradition) will provide a vehicle for
reintegrating macro social theory into the discipline. I believe
Braverman, Wallerstein, and Foster do Marx better than Marx does
Marx. I can get the richness of Weber’s perspective across to
students through examining his influence on such exciting
contemporary figures as Mills, Elias, and Ritzer. By examining
the theory of Mestrovic, Merton, and Nisbet I can make
Durkheim’s theories about the division of labor and anomie
obvious and relevant in today’s world. Through an examination of
classical theory as modified by contemporaries, I can
demonstrate to students that sociological theory is
indispensable in understanding the social world.
The Industrial Revolution
continues. Recently, we have entered a "hyperindustrial" phase
in which massive industrial and population changes begun in the
17th century are disrupting the remaining vestiges of
traditional institutions as well as the norms and values of
western societies. Drawing on the work of classical and
neo-classical theorists,
Industrializing America: Understanding Contemporary
Society through Classical Sociological Analysis
(Praeger, 1999) is an attempt to integrate and synthesize these
insight into a comprehensive world view.
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T. Robert Malthus (1766-1834)
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Herbert Spencer
(1820-1903)
Thorstein Veblen
(1857-1929)
Emile Durkheim
(1858-1917)
Max Weber
(1864-1920)
W. E. B. Dubois (1868-1963)
In the Classical
Tradition
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