Glossary:
Readings:
Diamond: Chapters 11, 12, & 13
Nolan & Lenski: Chapter 6
Presentations:
Simple Horticultural Societies
Advanced Horticultural Societies
Glossary:
| age-sex structures | charismatic authority | drives |
| created environment | homogenization | cultural transmission |
| integration | institution | legitimacy |
| discovery | population density | ethnic group |
| gemeinschaft | horticultural era | horticultural societies |
| magic | matriarchy | patriarchy |
| rite of passage | ritual | self |
| sex ratio | social differentiation | social reproduction |
| surplus | tribe | wealth |
| ZPG | sex role | religion |
| kinship | class | subsistence technology |
Essays:
On your next exam you will be asked to demonstrate that you have read and mastered the course material. You should take the time now to answer the following essay questions to create your study guide for that exam. Address the questions fully and completely in your own words and voice. Prepare your answers now.
According to Nolan & Lenski, what caused the shift from hunting and gathering to horticulture?
What are the social consequences of metal tools and weapons?
According to Nolan & Lenski, how is the creation of a stable economic surplus related to societal development?
Short
Answers:
The following short answer questions are from your readings and may well appear on your next exam. Each can be answered with a short paragraph of three or four sentences; please use your own words and voice. You are encouraged to answer these questions now to create your study guide for that exam.
What is swidden cultivation?
According to Nolan & Lenski, why is ancestor worship more common in horticultural societies than in hunting and gathering societies?
The more advanced the technology of horticultural societies, the greater the inequality. Why?
According to Nolan & Lenski, why did warfare become increasingly common in later horticultural societies?
According to Nolan & Lenski, what is the relationship between warfare and population control?
According to Nolan & Lenski, what technological development distinguishes simple from advance horticultural societies?
Why is slavery related to the evolution of horticultural societies?
Why did the rise of agriculture launch the evolution of our crowd infectious diseases?
Why didn't such infectious diseases arise in the Americas prior to European contact?
According to Diamond, why did writing appear so late in human evolution?
How does geography and ecology influence the spread of human inventions?
According to Diamond, what is the relationship between food production and technological development?
What is technological autocatalysis? Give an example.
According to Diamond, why did guns and steel originate in Eurasia?
Horticultural Societies:
Machu Picchu: